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The symptom of vaginal bleeding or a late/missed period can occur after the rupture of an ovarian cyst due to the disruption of normal ovarian function and hormonal balance. When an ovarian cyst ruptures, it can lead to internal bleeding in some instances, which may present as vaginal bleeding. Additionally, the hormonal changes that accompany the rupture can influence the menstrual cycle, leading to a late or missed period.

In contrast, while fever and chills might suggest an infection or more serious complication, they are not directly associated with the rupture of a benign ovarian cyst. Extensive abdominal swelling may arise from various causes, but it's not a common symptom of a simple ovarian cyst rupture. Frequent headaches are not typically connected to ovarian cyst activity or rupture. Therefore, the presence of vaginal bleeding or alterations to the menstrual cycle are more directly linked to the physiological effects of a ruptured ovarian cyst.