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The primary action of a cholinergic blocking drug, also known as an anticholinergic drug, is to block parasympathetic activity. This mechanism inhibits the action of acetylcholine in the body, which is the neurotransmitter primarily responsible for the parasympathetic nervous system's functions. By blocking these signals, cholinergic blocking agents can decrease bodily secretions, reduce smooth muscle spasms, and alter heart rate and digestive processes.

This is particularly useful in situations where reducing the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system is desired, such as in cases of excessive salivation or bronchial secretions. The action effectively counteracts the effects of the autonomic nervous system that are mediated by acetylcholine, leading to outcomes such as increased heart rate and decreased bronchoconstriction. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for healthcare providers when determining appropriate treatments for conditions affected by parasympathetic overactivity.